How the National Assembly Works

Pakistan operates under a federal parliamentary democratic system, where the Parliament serves as the supreme legislative body. Modelled on the British Westminster system, it embodies the principles of democracy, representation, and checks and balances. The Parliament of Pakistan consists of two houses, the National Assembly and the Senate, ensuring both proportional and regional representation in law-making. Additionally, the President of Pakistan acts as the head of state, while the Prime Minister, elected from the National Assembly, functions as the chief executive. This system ensures that laws reflect the will of the people while maintaining constitutional safeguards.

The National Assembly consists of 336 members, including 266 directly elected representatives, 60 seats reserved for women, and 10 for religious minorities. Members are elected through a mixed electoral system that combines elements of regional and proportional representation.

During the first NA meeting following a general election, members elect a Speaker and Deputy Speaker. The Speaker, and in his/her absence the Deputy Speaker, presides over the sessions of the Assembly. Both the Government and the Opposition also have leaders in the NA. The Leader of the Opposition is elected by the opposition parties and the Leader of the House is the Prime Minister.