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1. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) The Origin: Signed in 1648 to end the devastating Thirty Years' War in Europe. What It Is: Established the foundational concept of Westphalian Sovereignty; the principle that every nation-state has exclusive legal authority over its territory and internal affairs without foreign interference. It marks the birth of the modern international system of sovereign nation-states....
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The writer is a student at KEMU, Lahore.
